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[자료] Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33 (2004)880 –895

Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer

Christian Pitra a,*, Joerns Fickel a, Erik Meijaard b, P.Colin Groves c

a Department of Evolutionary Genetics,Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research,PF 60113,D-10252 Berlin,Germany
b School of Tropical Biology,James Cook University,P.O.Box 6811,Cairns,Qld.4870,Australia
c School of Archaeology &Anthropology,The Australian National University,P.O.Box 4,Canberra,ACT 0200,Australia

Received 6 May 2004;revised 14 July 2004
Available online 12 September 2004

Abstract
The phylogenetic pattern and timing of the radiation of Old World deer was determined based on the complete mitochondrial
cytochrome b gene from 33 Cervinae taxa.Using rooted and unrooted phylogenies derived from distinct theoretical approaches,
strong support was achieved for monophyly of the Old World deer with muntjacs as sister group as well as for the divergence of
at least three distinct genera:Rucervus ,Dama ,and Cervus .The latter clade comprises what have previously been regarded as the
genera or subgenera Panolia ,Rusa ,Cervus ,Sika ,and probably Przewalskium .Our data also consistently con ﬁrmed paraphyly of
nominate C.elaphus and did not support the monophyly of Axis .We used these molecular phylogenies to assess the homoplastic
evolution of morphological,geographical,ecological,and selected behavioural character state di ﬀerences within the Cervinae.Reli-
able fossil calibrations,large molecular data sets,and improved dating methods are shaping a molecular time scale for the evolu-
tionary radiation of Old World deer that occurred at the Miocene/Pliocene transition and is largely compatible with existing
palaeontological evidence.Using node ages estimated from sequence data,we estimated an average per-lineage diversi ﬁcation rate
of 0.51 ±0.1 species per million years (my)over roughly the last 6 mya.
2004 Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.

Keywords:Cervinae ;Evolution;Molecular systematics;Molecular clock;Speciation;Cytochrome b

http://arts.anu.edu.au/grovco/Pitra%20deer.pdf

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