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[자료] Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA analyses of harbour seal population structure in the northeast Pacific Ocean

Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA analyses of harbour seal population structure in the northeast Pacific Ocean

Theresa M. Burg, Andrew W. Trites, and Michael J. Smith

Abstract:

The genetic diversity and population structure of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) along the coasts of British Columbia and parts of Alaska were investigated using both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA. A 475-bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region was amplified and sequenced from 128 animals. Sixty variable sites defined 72 mtDNA haplotypes with pairwise nucleotide differences as high as 5%. Fifty-eight haplotypes were represented by a single individual, and shared haplotypes were generally restricted to a small geographic range. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed two distinct populations comprising (i) southern British Columbia and (ii) northern British Columbia – southeast Alaska. Furthermore, the order of the clades suggests that the Pacific Ocean was colonized at least twice, 670 000 and 380 000 years ago. Haplotypes from the first invasion are restricted to a small number of seals around southern Vancouver Island. Analyses of five polymorphic microsatellite loci showed
significant differences between the populations of southern British Columbia and northern British Columbia – Alaska. Migration rates for males based on microsatellite data (3–22 seals/generation) were higher than those obtained for females from mtDNA data (0.3 females/generation). Combining all the DNA data collected to date suggests that there are at least three populations of harbour seals in the Pacific composed of seals from (i) Japan, Russia, Alaska, and
northern British Columbia, (ii) southern British Columbia and Puget Sound, Washington, and (iii) the outer coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California. The data do not support the existence of two subspecies of harbour seals in the Pacific Ocean.

Can. J. Zool. 77: 930–943 (1999) Received August 19, 1998. Accepted March 23, 1999.
T.M. Burg.1 Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
A.W. Trites. Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, and Marine Mammal
Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, 2204 Main Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
M.J. Smith. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be sent at the following address: Marine Mammal Research Unit, Hut B-3, Room 18,
6248 Biosciences Road, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (e-mail: tmb28@cus.cam.ac.uk).

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